The History of Christmas Celebrations in India

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The History of Christmas Celebrations in India

Christmas, celebrated annually on December 25th, commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ and highlights the unique blend of cultural and religious traditions in India. Christianity in India dates back to St. Thomas the Apostle, who is believed to have landed in Kerala around 52 AD. He established Christian communities known as St. Thomas Christians or Syrian Christians, creating one of the oldest Christian traditions in the world. These communities laid the foundation for Christianity's growth and introduced charitable practices that continue to shape its legacy in India.

The arrival of the Portuguese in Goa during the 16th century brought Western customs that enriched Indian Christian traditions. Customs such as midnight masses, nativity plays, and Christmas decorations became integral to the celebrations. Missionary efforts led to the establishment of enduring institutions of education and healthcare, including the foundation of schools, colleges, and hospitals. The Jesuits, for example, made lasting contributions through the creation of educational institutions that continue to thrive today.

Under British colonial rule, Christmas gained prominence in cities such as Kolkata, Chennai, and Mumbai. Urban centers witnessed the introduction of Christmas trees, Santa Claus, and gift-giving, which broadened the festival's appeal. Iconic churches like St. Paul’s Cathedral in Kolkata, St. Thomas Cathedral in Mumbai, and Santhome Basilica in Chennai became centers of grand Christmas services. During this period, Christian missions expanded their societal impact through the establishment of notable institutions like St. Stephen’s College in Delhi, Madras Christian College in Chennai, and Scottish Church College in Kolkata, which have educated generations of leaders in India.

Post-independence, Christmas celebrations in India evolved into a vibrant mix of local and Western traditions. In South India, churches are adorned with banana and mango leaves, and oil lamps symbolize Christ’s light. Kerala’s Christian community, one of the largest in the country, celebrates with feasts, caroling, and elaborate cribs. In Goa, the Portuguese influence persists through midnight masses, festive carnivals, and fireworks, making it a global attraction during the season. The Northeast states, such as Nagaland and Meghalaya, host community prayers, cultural performances, and feasts, showcasing the rich traditions of their Christian populations.

Christianity’s contribution to education and healthcare in India is a cornerstone of its legacy. Institutions like Christian Medical College (CMC) in Vellore, St. Xavier’s College in Kolkata, Don Bosco Schools, and Loyola College in Chennai are renowned for their excellence in education and service. These institutions have been instrumental in fostering academic and professional excellence, as well as providing critical healthcare services, reflecting the commitment of Christian communities to societal welfare.

Today, Christmas transcends religious boundaries, becoming a festival of unity and joy. Streets and shopping malls in cities like Mumbai, Delhi, and Bengaluru are illuminated with festive lights, while churches and Christian organizations engage in charitable activities. Iconic sites like the Basilica of Bom Jesus in Goa, Mount Mary Church in Mumbai, and Sacred Heart Cathedral in Delhi attract visitors from across the country. Across India, Christmas celebrates the spirit of love, harmony, and goodwill, bridging diverse communities in shared joy.

Venkataramanan Ramasethu
25th December 2024

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